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According to Crehan Research Inc., a leading market research and consulting firm, the shipment of 100GE NICs will exceed that of 50GE NICs in 2020, making them more widespread in the industry.Ĭonsidering factors such as the cost, power consumption, and ecosystem, DCNs may skip 200GE and directly evolve to 400GE. NICs have evolved from 10GE to 25GE, and then finally to 100GE, with 100GE expected to rapidly become the mainstream in 2020. The NIC rate is another key to improving the I/O capability. PCIe 5.0 (32 GT/s) chips will be released in 2021, reaching I/O bandwidths of 100 Gb/s to 400 Gb/s. One example is PCIe 4.0 (16 GT/s), which will be rolled out commercially in 2020, by which point the I/O bandwidth will reach 50 Gb/s to 100 Gb/s and even to 200 Gb/s. Such demands can be met in part thanks to advances in bus technology. The pervasive use of multi-core processors and AI processors significantly increases demands on I/O bandwidth. 400GE DCN: A Must for Embracing the Trend of 100GE-NIC-Servers Meanwhile, the use of AI for achieving network self-evolution and meeting computing virtualization requirements is opening a new road for DCN development as well as a new round of transformation. AI computing brings about tens of millions of iterations, a high level of parallelization, and massive parameter transmission, which is increasingly straining the network. In particular, the increasingly widespread use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies has the potential to shake things up dramatically.
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These three distinct changes in the computing field are leading DCN development. The dynamics brought by computing virtualization completely change the way we manage networks, paving the way towards autonomous driving networks. In recent years, emerging container technologies (such as Docker, Kata, and Unikernel) have further improved the usage of compute resources by employing more lightweight virtualization technologies. This helped to improve the average usage of compute resources from 10 percent to 30 percent. In 1998, pioneers including Diane Greene, the founder of VMware, created server virtualization technology that virtualizes a physical server into multiple Virtual Machines (VMs). To address this, intelligent and lossless networks are emerging.Ĭhange 3: Virtualization of compute resources Parallel computing leads to thousands of times larger DCN internal traffic (east-west traffic), as well as aggravating network congestion, increasing communications time, and reducing computing efficiency.
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In the data center, this request is amplified to 930 KB in parallel operations, including 88 cache queries (648 KB), 35 database queries (25.6 KB), and 392 Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) (257 KB). According to Facebook, when a user likes someone’s post, an HTTP request of 1 KB is sent to the data center. As the number of users and the scale of data increase, the degree of parallelization becomes higher than ever. Parallelization is a successful practice for expanding application performance. Nowadays, servers connecting upstream to 100GE access switches and then to 400GE core switches is an increasingly common network architecture.
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So, to unleash the full computing performance of a server with 32-core 2.5 GHz CPU, we would need to install a 100 Gb/s Network Interface Card (NIC). In recent years, the data center computing field has undergone three major changes:Ĭhange 1: High-speed computing interfacesĪccording to Amdahl’s lesser known law, each 1 MHz CPU can generate a maximum of 1 Mbit/s I/O in parallel computing. As such, any changes to computing directly drive the progress of DCNs.
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Against this backdrop, optimizing DCN performance to improve computing efficiency can bring huge savings on computing investment, and therefore has become the main driving force for DCN evolution.Ĭomputing is the main driver for DCN evolution. Today’s data centers are evolving from the cloud era to the intelligence era where computing power is the foundation. According to Amazon, 57 percent of its data center investment is in computing, yet only 8 percent is in DCN. As the Chinese saying goes, “a flower cannot grow to be beautiful without its leaves.” In a data center, computing is the “flower” and the data center network (DCN) is undoubtedly the “leaf”.